Cation Reaction with NaOH, Sodium Hydroxide Reaction with aqueous ammonia
Al3- White precipitate, dissolves in excess White precipitate, insoluble in excess
Ca2+ White precipitate, insoluble in excess No reaction
Cu2+ Blue precipitate, insoluble in excess Blue precipitate, dissolves in excess to give a dark blue solution
Fe2+ Dirty green precipitate, precipitate slowly turns brown, insoluble in excess Dirty green precipitate, precipitate slowly turns brown, insoluble in excess
Fe3+ Reddish-brown precipitate, insoluble in excess Reddish-brown precipitate, insoluble in excess
Zn2+ White precipitate, dissolves in excess White precipitate, dissolves in excess
NH4+ Ammonia gas (a pungent gas) is formed on warming, turns red litmus blue No reaction
Anion Test Observation
NO3- Add dilute sodium hydroxide and a little aluminium powder NH3 gas ( a pungent gas) is produced and turns red litmus paper blue
CO32- Add dilute Hydrochloric acid Carbon dioxide is produced

CO2 turns limewater chalky
Cl- Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate A white precipitate of silver chloride, AgCl is formed
I- Add dilute nitric acid and lead (II) nitrate A yellow precipitate of lead iodide, PbI2 is formed
SO42- Add dilute nitric acid and barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2 A white precipitate of Barium Sulphate, BaSO4 is formed